I-flat inwebu ye-ceramic yimathiriyeli yokucoca echanekileyo eyenziwe nge-alumina, i-zirconia, i-titanium oxide kunye nezinye izinto ze-inorganic sintered kubushushu obuphezulu.Uluhlu lwenkxaso, umgca wenguqu kunye noluhlu lokuhlukana luyisakhiwo se-porous kwaye sisasazwa kwi-gradient asymmetry.Iimbumba ze-ceramic ze-flat zingasetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo zokwahlula, ukucaciswa, ukuhlanjululwa, ukugxininiswa, ukuvala inzalo, ukuchithwa kwetyuwa, njl.